Royalty Free Music - Resources for people who need music for their games and animation.
Sound Editors - generally used for the manipulation of single mono or stereo sound files, application of sound effects, and exporting in various formats and qualities.
Studios, Sequencers and Composers - multitrack programs which allow you to combine several different sound files or audio sequences to create songs.
Software Synthesizers - keyboard/synthesizers for the computer. Virtual sound generators, usually including a bunch of sound manipulating tools and effects.
Sound Converters - Programs that allow the conversion of sound files from one format (eg wav) to another (eg mp3). Most Sound Editors are capable of outputting various formats, so if you have a decent sound editor you're probably set.
Special Thanks to Denvish for organizing the above information.
Also see Denvish's list of Audio Tutorials!
Community Sample Packs
FIREWORKS - A Sample Pack and Drum Kit, organized by FelixZophar.
Stuck At Home Sample Pack - A Collection of samples created by the community during the COVID quarantine! Organized by Curruff.
SONNISS Game Audio GDC Archive - Each year SONNISS gives away free sound effects in honor of the Game Developer's Conference. This is their archive.